Using socks proxy to tunnel apt command in ubuntu 18.04

This is useful when we have a machine (m1) that does not have an internet connection to do apt update/upgrade, but we have another machine (m2) that is able to access internet, and accessible via ssh from the m1.

Create a dynamic tunnel (socks5 proxy) from m1 to m2, using port 8888
$ ssh myuser@m2 -fN -D 8888

Set apt to use the socks proxy created above
$ echo "Acquire::http::proxy "socks5h://localhost:8888";"  | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/12proxy

Run apt command as usual in m1, and your apt command will be tunneled via the socks5h proxy
$ sudo apt update
...
0% [Connecting to SOCKS5h proxy (socks5h://localhost:8888)] [Connecting to SOCKS5h proxy (socks5h://localhost:8888)]

...

Once you are done, do not forget to kill the tunnel

$ kill `pidof ssh`

and remove the proxy option from apt
$ sudo sed -i 's/Acquire/#Acquire/' /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/12proxy 

Installing NFS server and client on ubuntu 18.04

Assuming the nfs server's ip address is 10.20.30.40 and the client is 10.20.30.50.

NFS Server

Install nfs-kernel-server

$ sudo apt update; sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server -y

Start nfs service
$ sudo systemctl start nfs-server

Create the export directory
$ sudo mkdir /sharing

Change permission and ownership of export directory
$ sudo chown nobody.nogroup /sharing
$ sudo chmod 777 /sharing

Allow the export directory to be accessed by client. The options are rw for read write, sync for server to write any change to disk from applying and no_subtree_check to prevent subtree checking
$ echo "/sharing 10.20.30.50(rw,sync,no_subtree_check)" | sudo tee -a /etc/exports

Export the above setting to NFS table of exports
$ sudo exportfs -a

Check if the NFS table of exports has been updated
$ sudo exportfs 
/sharing           10.20.30.50

NFS Client

Install nfs-common
$ sudo apt update; sudo apt install nfs-common

Mount the nfs export directory
$ sudo mount 10.20.30.40:/sharing /mnt

Check if client can write to the export directory and the file written, appeared in the server
$ mount | grep nfs
$ touch /mnt/newfile
$ rm /mnt/newfile

To make the mount point permanent, append it to /etc/fstab
$ echo "10.20.30.40:/sharing /mnt nfs4 defaults 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

Test mount from /etc/fstab
$ sudo umount /mnt; sudo mount -a